Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness

â€Å"Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness† is the cornerstone of our nations Declaration of Independence. When considering this quote and identifying an individual or group of individuals who have continued to pursue this belief in the twentieth century and beyond, one must consider the name Cesar Chavez and the organization, The United Farm Workers, he was so instrumental in its formation, as being synonymous with this phrase. (U. S. Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776))Cesar Estrada Chavez was born March 31, 1927 on a small farm near Yuma, Arizona that his grandfather had homesteaded during the 1880's. Chavez was the second born of six children to Librado and Juana Chavez. At age 7 Cesar began school, but found it very difficult due to the fact that his family only spoke Spanish. Chavez preferred to learn from his uncles and grandparents who would read to him in Spanish and additionally he learned many things from his mother who believed that violence and selfis hness were wrong and stressed this with all her children.In the 1930's, at age 10, Chavez was forced to begin his life as a migrant farm worker when his father lost the land homesteaded by his grandfather during the Great Depression. These were bitterly poor times for the Chavez family and together with thousands of other displaced families, they migrated throughout the Southwestern United States, laboring in the fields and vineyards. Cesar in an effort to help support his parents and brothers and sisters dropped out of school after the eighth grade. (www. clnet. ucla. edu) At the age of 18, Chavez joined the U. S.Navy and served in the western Pacific front during the end of World War II. In 1948, Cesar married Helen Fabela, who he had met while working the vineyards in Delano, they later settled in the East San Jose barrio of Sal Si Puedes, where Chavez later authored a book entitled â€Å"Sal Si Puedes (Escape If You Can)†. Following his return from serving in the U. S. Na vy and his marriage to Helen, he returned to the fields as a migrant farm laborer, but he began to fight for change. That same year, 1948, Cesar took part in his first of many strikes in protest of low wages and poor working conditions.However, within several days the workers were forced back to the fields. In 1952, Chavez met Fred Ross, who was an organizer for a group known as the Community Service Organization (CSO), which was a barrio-based self-help group that was sponsored by a Chicago-based group which had been formed by Saul Alinsky called the Industrial Area Foundation. Chavez soon became a full-time organizer with CSO, coordinating and spearheading voter registration drives, battling racial and economic discrimination against Hispanic residents, and organizing new CSO chapters across California and Arizona.Chavez became the national director of CSO in the late 1950's and early 1960's, but his dream was to create an organization to help farm workers whose suffering he not o nly empathized with, but had shared and endured. After approximately 10 years of acting as the national director and continuing to organize Hispanic's throughout California and Arizona for the CSO, Chavez resigned his paid position, the first regular paying full-time job he had since being discharged from the Navy, as he was unable to convince the CSO to commit itself solely to farm worker organizing.Following his resignation he moved his wife and 8 children back to Delano, California where he became a full-time organizer of farm workers and founded the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) , and this newly founded organization grew rapidly. (www. clnet. ucla. edu) In 1965 the NFWA, headed by Chavez, began a boycott of grape growers in Delano, California, which lasted some 5 years. In 1966, during this boycott, Chavez led his followers on a 340 mile march to the state capitol in Sacramento, California to bring the plight of the farm workers to national attention.The march started with only 75 workers and supporters and the rally ended in Sacramento with over 10,000 people on the capitol steps. That same year Schenley Vineyards was the first grower to negotiate this nation's union contract with a farm union, the NFWA. In 1966, the NFWA merged with the mostly Filipino-American union, the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) to form the United Farm Workers (UFW). As the strike continued and the story of the farm workers became more widely known in the United States and around the world, many Americans rallied to their cause and joined the boycott of all table grapes produced in the U.S.. By 1970 more than 65 percent of California grape growers had negotiated and signed labor contracts with the UFW. Also, to avoid a similar UFW boycott, many of the Salinas Valley lettuce and vegetable growers signed labor contracts with the Teamsters Union. In response to this Chavez and the UFW called for a boycott of lettuce and more than 10,000 farm workers in Ca lifornia's Central Coast went on strike. In 1972, as the UFW membership continued to grow and increase in numbers, the UFW became the United Farm Workers of America, AFL-CIO.By 1979 the UFW had won pay increases for its members and had signed contracts with a significant number of growers of lettuce and other produce growing farms, and their membership grew to over 100,000. The UFW experienced numerous conflicts with the Teamsters Union which led to the murder of several UFW supporters. These events, coupled with the election, in California, of the Republican governor George Deukmejian whose administration supported the growers, led to many setbacks for the UFW movement as thousands of farm workers were fired, and their membership began to decline.From the mid 1980's through the early 1990's Chavez and the UFW continued their fight for improved conditions for farm workers. On April 23, 1993, Cesar Chavez died in his sleep at the home of a migrant farm worker in San Luis, Arizona. In commemoration of his life 35,000 mourners walked behind Chavez's casket during his funeral which was held 6 days after his death in Delano, California. In 1994, President Bill Clinton honored Cesar Chavez's fight for farm workers rights by awarding him the Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor.In his citation President Clinton praised Chavez for having â€Å"faced formidable, often violent opposition with dignity and nonviolence†. (www. ufw. org) Following his death, Chavez was succeeded as leader of the UFW by the veteran UFW organizer, Arturo S. Rodriguez. In 1994, in honor of Cesar Chavez, Rodriguez and his supporters retraced the steps of Chavez's historic march of 1966. By the time this commemorative march reached the steps of the state capitol in Sacramento it had amassed over 20,000 in UFW workers and supporters, thus marking the start of a new UFW campaign to unit, organize, and empower farm workers.This reinvigoration of the UFW movement has since si gned up more workers in California as well as Florida and the state of Washington. Since this rejuvenation of membership the UFW, in the early 21st century, has continued to fight for better wages, win better collective bargaining rights, and gain better housing and sanitation for its worker members as well as restrict the use of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and other dangerous pesticides which are commonly used by growers. Cesar Chavez, by his tenacity, drive, and personal efforts, left our world better than he found it, and his legacy inspires us still.He was for his own people, the farm worker, who labored in the fields and yearned for respect and self-sufficiency and who associated themselves and their hopes on this man who, with faith and discipline, soft spoken humility, and amazing inner strength, led a courageous life. Every day in California and in other states where farm workers are organizing, Cesar Chavez lives in their hearts and he lives wherever Americans far m workers, who he inspired, work nonviolently for social change. (www. ufw. org)

Process Design Matrix and Summary Essay

The purpose of this executive summary is to outline the design approaches between a product (car) and a service (spa). Information will be provided on the design processes associated with a product, including assembly line, continuous flow, batch production and job shop, as well as the design processes associated with a service, such as the personal attention approach, the self-service approach and the product line approach. When it comes to identifying appropriate design approaches for a product, the options include: 1. Assembly line: Work processes begin with step 1 and continue step by step until the end product is achieved. This is the most appropriate design approach for a car. â€Å"The path for each part is, in effect, a straight line. Products are made by moving from workstation to workstation at a controlled rate, following the sequence needed to build the product,† (Jacobs & Chase, 2011, p. 197). In the case of a car, the assembly line would include one step to place the engine in place, another step to secure the hood and a third step to place the wheels in the wheel wells. 2. Continuous flow: This approach is completed solely by machine. According to Jacobs & Chase (2011), â€Å"Continuous flow is usually highly automated and, in effect, constitutes one integrated â€Å"machine† that may operate 24 hours a day to avoid expensive shutdowns and start-ups,† (p. 197). This would not be ideal for a car as the process of creating an automobile needs to be monitored constantly. 3. Batch production: Machines are pre-programmed to make batches of one specific item. This design approach would produce 12 doors, 12 wheels and 12 windshields but would not  incorporate the mechanics associated with the individuals who are required to piece these parts together to physically build the car, (â€Å"Business Studies: Production Methods†, 2014). 4. Job shop: Used to make small batches of parts of a product, for example, when building a car engine, there are different pieces involved to keep the various parts in place, such as nuts and bolts. The job shop design approach is used to produce these nuts and bolts but would not be a suitable design approach for building an entire automobile. With regards to identifying the appropriate design approaches for a service, the options include: 1. Personal attention approach: Focuses on developing a solid relationship between the provider of the service and the customer. This approach ensures superior customer service and will thus assist in building a loyal customer base. The personal attention design approach would be the most appropriate for a spa in that the technicians will focus on the individual needs of each customer and ensure no customer is left unsatisfied at the end of their service, thereby building a lasting relationship with the customers and guaranteeing future business. 2. Self-service approach: This approach allows the customers to play a greater role in their service. The role of the customer transforms from that of a customer to that of a partial employee by involving consumers in the service process. This would not be ideal for a spa as the entire purpose of this service is to create a relaxing environment, one in which the customer plays no role in the service other than to enjoy it. 3. Product line approach: Treats the service as if it were a product by focusing on the end result as opposed to the service itself. According to Jacobs & Chase (2011), â€Å"the orientation is toward the efficient production of results not on the attendance on others.† This would not be an ideal approach for a spa to take as the focus of spa-services are on the quality of the service being delivered to the customer, not on the end result of a beautiful manicure (for example). After all options have been weighed, the assembly line design  approach would be the most appropriate for manufacturing a product such as a car as it is the most efficient and effective from start to finish while using the personal attention approach would be the ideal design approach for a service such as a spa by helping it build a loyal customer base for its business. Process Design Aspect Service Product Design focal point Strategy Superior treatment of customers Process design approach Personal attention approach Assembly line approach Process map Service blueprint Process Performance Measurement Number of automobiles produced per month, total number of defects per million, number of job related injuries Factory location Close to customer, preferably in a high socioeconomic area Close to the supplier, transportation or source of labor Facilty layout Process design Scheduling Producting planning Workforce Quality Capacity Capacity should be set to match peak demand; higher capacity on weekends Inventory References Business Studies: Production Methods. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/business/production/methodsofproductionrev2.shtml Jacobs, F.R., & Chase, R. (2011). Operations and Supply Chain Management (13th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Sowell, T. J. (2006). Strategic Manufacturing Management. USA: Xlibris Corporation.

Republic Day Celebration In India Essay

Today is a very special day for all of us, as the whole country celebrates India’s Republic Day with pride remembering our great freedom fighters who have laid their life for our freedom. 26th January, being a very significant date makes us recall the memories of millions of individuals who stood united laying foundation for the growth and development of our nation. The freedom that we enjoy today is the restless effort of millions of men and women who stood strong for a general cause, making India free from foreign domination. Looking back, our country had been laid upon on one of the world’s oldest civilization with a large treasure of experience, knowledge and thoughts contributing a lot for building up this nation. The inspiring words given by our great leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Subhash Chandra Bose, Jawaharlal Nehru and others has not only motivated the people during the colonial period but also motivate the young generation of India to hold the head high and move forward. It is the day on which the Indian constitution came in to being which is considered to the real building block of our country. B.R Ambedkar and Sardar Vallabhai Patel have worked at their best to construct the laws which stays firm uniting us under one flag. During the past years our country had to confront with many obstacles and challenges which have been managed properly in due time. But still there are long lists of problems which have to be handled with care. India had become the home of millions living together with peace and harmony. There are many Indian who have made us proud gaining much recognition listed on top spots and high ranks in various fields. Our country has achieved a prominent position tagging as one of the most active developing country. We have made our presence strong in technology, space exploration and various other fields. During the past the wise decision and well planning by our leaders have brought down the gap between the haves and the have-nots. We still have to confront with crimes, corruption, external and internal terrorism which brings our head down before other countries. Let us strive forward and stand united for the good cause of the development of our nation.

Charachter Analysis Atticus Finch Essay

In â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee, Atticus Finch is a man who fights for what he believes in. He is very strong willed and always the one who will stand up for what is right, not what the most popular thing is to do. He also is often reffered to as the wisest man in his town. Atticus believes in equality among people. In his mind all people are equal and deserve equal treatment no matter what race they are. Atticus tells Jem and Scout, his two children, not to judge people until you walk in their shoes. Atticus is also a defense lawyer for his county of Maycomb. Durring his case with Tom Robinson, the black that was accused of raping a white girl, Atticus tries to change the injustices and racism in his small hometown. Atticus is a older male, about 50 years old, with a darker hair color that is turning gray as he ages. He wears glasses because his left eye is nearly blind. He said â€Å"Left eyes are the tribal curse of the Finches.† He is also rather tall. His two children were once ashamed of him, because he didn’t fish or hunt, like the other children’s fathers, due to his age. But as they grew, they began appreciating him not for the activities he did on the weekend, but his morals and beliefs. Atticus is one of the most loyal, humane, and consistent with his views and beliefs than any other character in the novel. Miss Maudie states, â€Å"Atticus Finch is the same in his house as he is on the public streets†. His intelligence, calm wisdom, courage, humility, lack of prejudice, and strong sense of justice, causes him to be respected by everyone, including the very poor and black people. Although he is looked down on and mocked by many characters in the novel for his kindness towards the â€Å"Negros†, the people of Maycomb still respect him and keep re-electing him to be their representative in the State Legislator. Durring the trial with Tom Robinson, Atticus Finch defendes him to the best of his ability despite significant difficulties from the community. Since it was back in the time of civil unrest and racial segregation. This had a huge impact on the community, as Atticus Finch was a highly respected attorney in the white community, who ended up drawing the most adoration and respect from the entire black community for his efforts to stand up for the truth regardless of race. Atticus is a strong willed man who stands for what he belives in. His thoughts do not change because of a persons skin color. He is kind and understanding and helpful to his children as well as anyone else who may seek for help. He is a well respected man in Maycomb, because he stands for what he believes, not the popular beliefs.

An essay to support a thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An to support a thesis - Essay Example Bennett has portrayed the story of a single mother namely Rebecca Fuerte who sold cigarettes and wax matches in different public places to make both ends meet (Stiles). It is mainly because she could not afford a place for selling cigarettes. Lack of legally owned place has resulted very negligible income for the protagonist due to which she cannot even feed her son. In this manner, the author has projected that Rebecca is concerned about his son’s future which is predictably poor. Herein, the author makes it evident that because of lack of space, it is complicated for poor people to earn living. Despite her inability to officially use public spaces, the protagonist continues to sell cigarettes by consuming different public places without any license because she had no other option (Stiles). Furthermore, authors stated that legal space license is not just the only problem that poor people might face. There are a number of other problems as well such as other vendors who torture sellers like protagonist of the story to move away from public places. The reason behind such an action is because it harms vendor’s position in the market (Stiles). Another consequence of poverty due to lack of official public space ownership is that one has to travel one place to another. A person who is poor and unable to get an official space would never ever be able to settle down in life. The author of the short story has also mentioned that Rebecca moved to several places along with her son in order to get a place where she could sell cigarettes and earn money. She visits place to place both public and private. Since she belonged to a poor class of the society therefore, she has been projected to least worry about the official and unofficial use of space. The article also tells that in a city it is difficult to find a place to do business on the street for those who cannot afford to make their living. This is reflected as author noted,

EMPLOYMENT NON-DISCRIMINATION ACT Research Paper

EMPLOYMENT NON-DISCRIMINATION ACT - Research Paper Example In 2009, after the Democrats came into power with a majority, House Representative Barney Frank, has reintroduced the ENDA that includes only the transgender class. With the recent changes in the Congress, the ENDA bill has gained new momentum, especially with the backing of President Barack Obama (The White House, Civil Rights- Strengthen Anti-Discrimination Laws, 2010), there are every prospects for the bill being passed within the present President’s term and becoming a law. Discussion What is this policy? The Employment Non Discrimination Act (ENDA) is a federal bill that aims to stop all forms of bias or discrimination based on the sexual orientation of the employees, by the employer. The LGBT community in US has been demanding workplace protection right from the 1970s; however, it is only recently that the bill that accords protection to the LGBT sections has been presented in the Senate. Though the ENDA bill was presented in the Congress in 2009, it is still pending and is under scrutiny by the House Education and Labour Committee. What does it purport to accomplish and why has it been proposed? This bill â€Å"promotes the goal of embracing diversity in the workplace.   Proponents also argue that sexual orientation is protected under the U.S. Constitution's guarantees of equal protection and due process.   Without a federal statute, victims of discrimination are subject to a patchwork of state law protections that provide uneven and often insufficient protection, hence the need for a national standard in the form of ENDA† (Aden, The  Employment Non-Discrimination Act, 2010). The advocates of this bill opine that homosexuality is a form of an individual’s personal identity, and not a â€Å"choice,† so the working people have a right to be judged according to their work performance, and not by their personal identities (American Psychological Association, 2011).   The APA in its various researches has reported that ther e exists significant bias against homosexuals within the U.S. workforce (ibid), thus making it necessary that a uniform law is made that would cover the entire country. The political actors supporting this bill are the Democrats, and the current US President in the White House, Barack Obama, is a staunch supporter of the cause and the bill. The opponents of this bill (the Conservatives, and religious groups), and various critics contend that ‘antidiscrimination laws’ like the ENDA tend to promote  a lack of tolerance  that are based on religious faith. Thus, it has been proposed that if such acts do not have any associated meaningful exceptions, specially made keeping in mind the different religious organizations and employers (with organisations that are faith based), that may have objections towards homosexuality from a religious point of view, then the passing act would have a negative effect. â€Å"Without strong exemptions, religious organizations will be requ ired, as a condition of seeking workers to carry out their faith-based missions, to affirm conduct that is in diametric opposition to the moral principles of their faith† (ibid).   The opponents of this act contend that this bill is different from other ‘

Spoken and written discourses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Spoken and written discourses - Essay Example The word discourse is picked from the Latin term ‘discursus’ which is defined as ‘conversation, speech.’ From a linguistic point of view the term discourse is defined as a continuous stretch of language, which is larger than a sentence and often constitutes coherent units such as argument, joke, sermon, or narrative A discourse is not necessarily long; short conversations/ groans can be equally described as discourse just as a novel would. Discourses may be classified in many ways: written or spoken discourse; classification according to level of formality; classification according to genre; or classification according to the number of participants, whether on or many.For a conversation to be classified as a written or spoken discourse it needs to fulfill several criteria as Beaugrande (1981) explains. They include cohesion, coherence, intentionality, acceptability, informativeness, situationality, and intersexuality. This paper compares the written and spok en discourses. Differences between Spoken and Written discourses The main difference between spoken and written discourse lies in the fact that spoken language must be understood immediately whereas written discourse can be referred to many times (Crystal 1997). Unlike in written discourses, which involves medium that keeps a record of its conveyed message, spoken discourse involves only air and thus conversation is possible only up to the moment it occurs. The speed of conversation also varies between the two mediums of discourse. In spoken discourse, the speaker uses the speed that is appropriate for him/her; such speed is not necessarily convenient for the listener. The speed in spoken discourses is usually varying but faster than in written discourses. Other differences may be classified into: Contextualization Spoken discourse offers a natural form of speech where the audience is usually present. This speech facilitates effective communication since the speakers are able to get feedback from their listeners. This, however, means that spoken discourse has more repetition as the audience asks for clarification on unclear points. Written discourse as Crystal (1997) explains has an audience that is usually farther away and mostly unknown. Writers experience some disconnect in relation to the audience since the audience is not nearby; the writers only try to imagine what their intended audience would appreciate. Such a distance makes writing discourses inherently more difficult compared to spoken discourses. However, some genres of spoken discourse such as academic discourse, have minimal context of shared content, no feedback is encouraged immediately. On the other hand, some written discourses also employ the feedback of the readers who provide background information of the discourses usually through interviews. Spontaneity Spoken discourses tend to be largely unorganized where topics can change at any moment; interruption and overlapping of communication ca n occur often (Halliday 1989). In the spoken discourses, speakers can ask for clarification as well as correct what has already been said. Written discourses, on the other hand, are more organized and grammatical (Halliday 1989). The audiences of written discourses only get the finished product and cannot make any modification or clarification. The written discourses are having limited ways of conveying their message; written discourses are more constrained. Lexical characteristics Spoken discourses have a lower percentage of different words than written discourses. Spoken discourses are marked with longer and more repetitions unlike written discourses where repetitions are limited. Spoken discourses generally have shorter, less complex phrases. They contain more verb-based phrases and less abstract words. In addition to this, they also contain more words that refer to the speaker (Halliday 1989). Written discourses, on the other hand, have a more complex lexical characteris